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Set

Definition

A set is a collection of object that can represent mathematical objects or not.
There is no formal or mathematical definition of sets but set theory, a branch of mathematical logic, defines the properties of sets by axioms.


Set notation

Different notations exist to define a set.

Roster or Enumeration notation

\(A = \{4, 2, 1, 3 \}\\\)
\(B = \{blue, white, red \}\\\)
\(C = \{1, 2, 3, ..., 1000 \}\\\)

Infinite sets in roster notation

\(D = \{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ... \}\)
\(E = \{..., −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ... \}\)

Semantic definition

Let F be the set whose members are the first four positive integers.
Let G be the set of colors of the French flag.

Set-builder notation

\(H = \{n\mid n{\text{ is an integer, and }}0\leq n\leq 19\}\)


Example of set

The numeric families are famous set \(\mathbb{N}, \mathbb{Z}, \mathbb{Q}, \mathbb{R}, \mathbb{C}\):


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Power set

Definition

The power set of a set \(X\) is the set of all subsets of \(X\), including the empty set and \(X\) itself.


Example

If \(X=\{x, y, z\}\) then the power set \(\mathcal{P}(X)\) is:

\[\mathcal{P}(S) = \{\{\}, \{x\}, \{y\}, \{z\}, \{x, y\}, \{x, z\}, \{y, z\}, \{x, y, z\}\}\]


\(\sigma\text{-algebra}\)

Definition

A \(\sigma\text{-algebra}\) (tribu in french) on a set \(X\) is a nonempty (contains null element) collection \(\Sigma\) of subsets of \(X\) that contains the empty set, closed under complement, countable unions, and countable intersections.

Formal definition

Let \(X\) be some set, and let \(\mathcal{P}(X)\) represent its power set. Then a subset


Ressources

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